Dandruff

The exact cause of dandruff formation is not fully understood, but it is thought to be influenced by a combination of factors, including individual susceptibility, presence of a specific fungus (Malassezia), and sebum production. (Ranganathan & Mukhopadhyay, 2010) The fungus Malassezia, which naturally resides on the scalp, is believed to play a significant role in the development of dandruff. Malassezia acts on the sebum produced by the scalp to produce fatty acids, which cause irritation and dryness of the scalp. (Narshana & Ravikumar, n.d.) Host factors such as individual differences in immune response, skin barrier function, genetics and sensitivity to Malassezia - may also contribute to the manifestation of dandruff. Increased stress levels have also been linked to dandruff formation. Stress causes the release of hormones like cortisol that can activate the sebaceous glands, leading to increased sebum production and creating an environment conducive to Malassezia growth and further scalp irritation. (Park et al., 2012) (Ranganathan & Mukhopadhyay, 2010). Since dandruff is more common in males, male sex hormones may be another contributing factor. Gut microbiome - imbalances in gut bacteria -- such as gut infections and candida overgrowth -- may also contribute to dandruff through their influence on the skin and immune system. (Rupa Health, n.d.) Nutrient deficiency - A deficiency in certain nutrients like zinc, iron, omega 3 fatty acids and certain B vitamins has been associated with increased susceptibility to dandruff. Excessive shampooing, sun exposure, and use of certain hair products can also exacerbate dandruff symptoms. (Ranganathan & Mukhopadhyay, 2010)

Topical treatments - Shampoos, lotions and creams containing anti-fungal agents like ketoconazole, selenium sulphide, zinc pyrithione, and agents that slow down cell skin cell turnover like salicylic acid, tar and sulphur are commonly used to manage dandruff. Corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and fluocinolone are also effective. Other natural products like neem extract, hibiscus extract, henna, mango kernels etc. have been traditionally used to control dandruff. Lifestyle modifications - Adopting an anti - inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins will help to reduce inflammation, improve skin and hair health. Fats and sugars are known to increase sebum production. Therefore, avoiding these may be beneficial. Stress management through mindfulness practices like meditation, yoga, adequate sleep can also help.

• Vitamin A - controls sebum overproduction • Biotin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyridoxine - Help improve skin and hair health • Omega 3 fatty acids - Reduce inflammation • Zinc - Antifungal properties, regulates sebum production • Selenium - Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory • Probiotics - Helps maintain healthy gut microbiome which can influence skin • Pepsin and protease - improve skin health through shedding of dead skins and wound healing, while pepsin helps in protein digestion in the gut. • Papain and Bromelain - these natural enzymes exfoliate and brighten the skin. • Betain HCl - supports proper digestion and nutrient absorption. • Ox bile - helps break down fats and absorb fat-soluble vitamins, supporting gut health. • Removing heavy metals from the body—those that cause oxidative stress and inflammation—through chelating agents like humic acid, fulvic acid, and zeolite clay can be beneficial. Additionally, activated charcoal can bind and remove toxins from the body and digestive system, while aloe vera, black pepper, amla, and cilantro offer detoxifying properties. • Saccharomyces boulardii helps improve gut health and reduce systemic inflammation, thus improving scalp health.

Topical application of tea tree oil, aloe vera and apple cider vinegar also help in managing dandruff. Additionally, prepare a nourishing remedy by taking equal portions of amla powder, methi (fenugreek) seeds, flaxseeds, kalonji (black cumin), rosemary leaves or powder, and hibiscus flower or powder by first soaking these ingredients in water overnight, then boiling the soaked mixture the next day. Once the mixture thickens, strain it and store the liquid in a glass container. This blend has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and nourishing properties that improve scalp health. One can also try with the combination for early stages of natural dandruff treatment. Mixing egg white and lemon juice can be a natural remedy for dandruff, as egg whites offer protein and conditioning, while lemon juice helps balance scalp pH and potentially reduce dandruff.