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Type 2 Diabetes

Original price was: ₹7,321.Current price is: ₹6,589.

AIC’s Type 2 Diabetes bundle is a comprehensive supplement regimen designed to support blood sugar management at its root cause and improve overall health. This bundle combines essential nutrients and antioxidants to boost energy, support digestive health, and promote cardiovascular well-being. With a focus on natural ingredients and holistic wellness, this bundle is perfect for those seeking a balanced approach to diabetes management. Experience the benefits of improved blood sugar control and enhanced overall well-being.

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Understanding Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. It occurs due to the body’s inability to utilise insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas to carry sugar into cells for energy) effectively, a condition known as insulin resistance (Kendall et al., 2006) rather than misunderstood as insulin insufficiency. This resistance causes high levels of glucose in blood, which further leads to a number of complications like heart, kidney, vision and nerve problems.

According to the WHO, 830 million people worldwide had diabetes in 2022, a number projected to rise to 1.1 billion by 2045 (Perveen et al., 2019). In 2019, 77 million people were affected by diabetes in India, a figure expected to cross 134 million by 2045. (Mohan & Pradeepa, 2021).

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FMN Active Total B- Complex | Cell Function Support | Elevate Cell Function and Ignite Vitality | Active B Vitamins for Optimal Nutrient Assimilation, Energy Boost, Brain Health, and More | 60 Capsules

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VITAONE ALPHA R LIPOIC ACID

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. It occurs due to the body’s inability to utilise insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas to carry sugar into cells for energy) effectively, a condition known as insulin resistance (Kendall et al., 2006) rather than misunderstood as insulin insufficiency. This resistance causes high levels of glucose in blood, which further leads to a number of complications like heart, kidney, vision and nerve problems. According to the WHO, 830 million people worldwide had diabetes in 2022, a number projected to rise to 1.1 billion by 2045 (Perveen et al., 2019). In 2019, 77 million people were affected by diabetes in India, a figure expected to cross 134 million by 2045. (Mohan & Pradeepa, 2021). There are two other types of diabetes mellitus, known as Type 1 and Type 1.5. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s own immune system attacks and destroys the insulin producing cells of the pancreas leading to insulin deficiency and high blood sugar levels in childhood (Krause & Vito, 2023; Ozougwu, 2013). Type 1.5 is known as Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults. It is also a form of autoimmune diabetes which has a slower progression than Type 1, and it appears during adulthood.

Insulin resistance is the primary driver of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Initially when the cells become resistant to insulin, the pancreas compensates by producing more insulin, leading to hyperinsulinemia. Over time, the pancreas fails to keep up with the increasing insulin demand, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. (Chatterjee & Mudher, 2018) Mitochondrial impairment and underlying inflammation have been identified as important factors that may increase risk for insulin resistance. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to energy imbalance within cells, potentially contributing to insulin resistance. (Jakovljevic et al., 2021) Inflammation and the presence of inflammatory cytokines can disrupt insulin-producing beta cell function and exacerbate insulin resistance. There are many other risk factors for development of Type 2 DM. These are: Lifestyle factors - Diet rich in processed foods, added sugars, and high-fat content has been associated with an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Additionally, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are recognised as significant risk factors. Irregular sleep-wake patterns and elevated stress levels may also play a contributing role. (Karamanou, 2016) Smoking and alcohol consumption are also linked to higher diabetes risk. Insufficient exposure to sunlight leading to vitamin D deficiency may also play a role (Pilz et al., 2012). Genetic factors - A family history of diabetes elevates the likelihood of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Advancing age and certain ethnic backgrounds also influence susceptibility. (Fletcher et al., 2002) Medical conditions such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome and fatty liver disease further heighten the chances of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (Karamanou, 2016) (Chatterjee & Mudher, 2018) Gut microbiome imbalances, exposure to toxins like arsenic, BPA (Bisphenol A) as well as vitamin and mineral deficiencies may also increase the risk.

Poorly managed diabetes can lead to complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Therefore, regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and overall health is crucial. Although Diabetes is considered as a manageable condition, as mentioned earlier, it can lead to severe complications if not properly controlled. These include kidney failure, nerve damage, blindness, heart disease and stroke. It weakens the immune system and increases susceptibility to infections. It can sometimes lead to life-threatening conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. Therefore, it is a disease that should be treated with utmost care.

• Increased thirst • Increased hunger • Frequent urination (especially at night) • Fatigue • Blurred vision • Slow wound healing • Frequent infections • Weight loss • Genital itching • Tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands or feet • Areas of darkened skin (usually around the neck and armpits)

Apart from the usual diagnostic tests to determine blood glucose levels, like fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c, a functional medicine approach may involve additional tests such as: • Insulin resistance markers: Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) • Inflammatory markers: CRP, IL-6 • Micronutrient testing: Vitamin D, chromium, magnesium • Hormone testing - thyroid, cortisol, melatonin, sex hormones • Gut health assessment - stool analysis

Medical treatment - Metformin, sulfonylureas, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists, Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 inhibitors are some of the oral anti- diabetic drugs. Some patients require insulin therapy as well. However, once a person is started on insulin, they become dependent on it for life as it is symptomatic management rather than addressing the root cause. Long term insulin use can also lead to side effects like weight gain, hypoglycaemia, and insulin injection site reactions. Surgical treatment - Bariatric surgery can be considered in obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as it has shown to induce remission in many cases. But it may not be suitable for everyone and carries its own risks and complications. Lifestyle changes - Diet: A low glycaemic index diet with emphasis on whole, unprocessed foods, high fibre, high protein and healthy fats can significantly improve blood sugar control. Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating may also be beneficial. Mediterranean diet is also associated with lower risk of diabetes. Detoxification support can be given through cruciferous vegetables, berries, garlic, onion etc. Physical activity - 150 minutes of physical exercise per week is recommended, combining both aerobic and resistance training. Stress management - Mind-body practices like yoga, meditation and deep breathing can help improve insulin sensitivity. Sleep - Preserving the body's circadian rhythm by ensuring sufficient sleep and following a consistent sleep routine is essential.

• Vitamins and minerals: Vitamin Bs & D, Chromium, Zinc, Magnesium • Alpha-lipoic acid, CoQ10 • Omega-3 fatty acids • Herbs: Cinnamon, Berberine, Bitter melon, Curcumin, Gymnema • Probiotics - to support gut health • N-acetyl cysteine, R-lipoic acid, Carnitine, Milk thistle • Inositol - Myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol have been known to improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic markers (Pintaudi et al., 2016)

In conclusion, while conventional pharmacotherapy plays a crucial role in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a comprehensive functional medicine approach targeting the root causes can provide a more holistic and sustainable solution. Lifestyle modifications should be the cornerstone of any diabetes management protocol (Deng et al., 2018) (Solomon et al., 2010) (Olokoba et al., 2012).

Reference

Chatterjee, S., & Mudher, A. (2018). Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Critical Assessment of the Shared Pathological Traits [Review of Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Critical Assessment of the Shared Pathological Traits]. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00383

Deng, Z., Davis, J., Muniz-Rodriguez, F., & Richardson, F. (2018). Successful Management of Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes with Multidisciplinary Neurobehavioral Rehabilitation: A Case Report and Review. In Diabetes Therapy (Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 1713). Adis, Springer Healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-018-0448-7

Fletcher, B. J., Gulanick, M., & Lamendola, C. (2002). Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (Vol. 16, Issue 2, p. 17). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005082-200201000-00003

Karamanou, M. (2016). Milestones in the history of diabetes mellitus: The main contributors [Review of Milestones in the history of diabetes mellitus: The main contributors]. World Journal of Diabetes, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i1.1

Jakovljevic, N. K., Pavlović, K., Jotić, A., Lalić, K., Stoiljković, M., Lukić, L., Miličić, T., Maćešić, M., Gajović, J. S., & Lalić, N. (2021). Targeting Mitochondria in Diabetes. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Vol. 22, Issue 12, p. 6642). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126642

Kendall, D. M., Kim, D., & Maggs, D. (2006). Incretin Mimetics and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: A Review of Emerging Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes [Review of Incretin Mimetics and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: A Review of Emerging Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes]. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 8(3), 385. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2006.8.385

Krause, M., & Vito, G. D. (2023). Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Commonalities, Differences and the Importance of Exercise and Nutrition. Nutrients, 15(19), 4279. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194279

Mohan, V., & Pradeepa, R. (2021). Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India. In Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (Vol. 69, Issue 11, p. 2932). Medknow. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_1627_21

Olokoba, A. B., Obateru, O. A., & Olokoba, L. B. (2012). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Trends [Review of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Trends]. Oman Medical Journal, 27(4), 269. Oman Medical Specialty Board. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2012.68

Ozougwu, O. (2013). The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology, 4(4), 46. https://doi.org/10.5897/jpap2013.0001

Perveen, S., Shahbaz, M., Keshavjee, K., & Guergachi, A. (2019). Prognostic Modeling and Prevention of Diabetes Using Machine Learning Technique. In Scientific Reports (Vol. 9, Issue 1). Nature Portfolio. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49563-6

Pilz, S., Kienreich, K., Rutters, F., Jongh, R. de, Ballegooijen, A. J. van, Grübler, M., Tomaschitz, A., & Dekker, J. (2012). Role of Vitamin D in the Development of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. In Current Diabetes Reports (Vol. 13, Issue 2, p. 261). Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-012-0358-4

Pintaudi, B., Vieste, G. D., & Bonomo, M. (2016). The Effectiveness of Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro Inositol Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes. In International Journal of Endocrinology (Vol. 2016, p. 1). Hindawi Publishing Corporation. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9132052

Solomon, T. P. J., Haus, J. M., Kelly, K. R., Cook, M. D., Filion, J., Rocco, M., Kashyap, S., Watanabe, R. M., Barkoukis, H., & Kirwan, J. P. (2010). A low–glycaemic index diet combined with exercise reduces insulin resistance, postprandial hyperinsulinemia, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in obese, prediabetic humans. In American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Vol. 92, Issue 6, p. 1359). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29771

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